The Banū Mūsā brothers ("Sons of Moses"):the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures, a foundational work on Geometry.
The Banu Musa worked in astronomical observatories established in Baghdad by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mamun as well as doing research in the House of Wisdom. They also participated in an 9th-century expedition to make Geodosic measurements to determine the length of a degree.
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